|
|common_name = Israel |image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg |alt_flag = Centered blue star within a horizontal triband |image_coat = Emblem of Israel.svg |alt_coat = Centered menorah surrounded by two olive branches |symbol_type = Emblem |religion = |national_anthem = |image_map = ISR orthographic.svg |image_map2 = Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg |alt_map = Projection of Asia with Israel in green |capital = Jerusalem (''disputed'') |latd=31 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=35 |longm=13 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2014 |demonym = Israeli |government_type = Unitary parliamentary republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Reuven Rivlin |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Benjamin Netanyahu |legislature = ''Knesset'' |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 14 May 1948 |established_event2 = Recognition |established_date2 = 1 May 1949 |area_km2 = 20,770 / 22,072〔20,770 is Israel within the Green Line. 22,072 includes the annexed Golan Heights and East Jerusalem.〕 |area_sq_mi = 8,019 / 8,522 |area_rank = 153rd |area_magnitude = 1 E+10 |percent_water = 2.12 (440 km170 mi) |population_estimate = 8,238,300 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 96th |population_census = 7,412,200 |population_census_year = 2008 |population_census_rank = 99th |population_density_km2 = 387.63 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,004.00 |population_density_rank = 34th |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,658〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 25th |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35,702〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 25th |GDP_nominal_per_capita_year = 2013 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini = 39.2 |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 66th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.888 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 19th |currency = Israeli new shekel () |currency_code = ILS 〔sometimes as NIS〕 |time_zone = Israel Standard Time |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = Israel Summer Time |utc_offset_DST = +3 |date_format = |drives_on = right |calling_code = +972 |cctld = .il }} Israel ( or ; (ヘブライ語:יִשְׂרָאֵל) ; (アラビア語:إِسْرَائِيل) ), officially the State of Israel ( ; (:dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl)), is a country in West Asia, situated at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv,〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Globalization and World Cities Research Network )〕 while Jerusalem is both its self-designated capital (though unrecognised by the United Nations) and its most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally disputed.〔The Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the government, home to the President's residence, government offices, supreme court, and parliament. United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 (20 August 1980; 14–0, U.S. abstaining) declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. The United Nations and all member nations refuse to accept the Jerusalem Law (see ) and maintain their embassies in other cities such as Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, and Herzliya (see the (CIA Factbook ) and (Map of Israel )). The U.S. Congress subsequently adopted the Jerusalem Embassy Act, which said that the U.S. embassy should be relocated to Jerusalem and that it should be recognized as the capital of Israel. However, the US Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel concluded that the provisions of the act "invade exclusive presidential authorities in the field of foreign affairs and are unconstitutional". Since passage of the act, all Presidents serving in office have determined that moving forward with the relocation would be detrimental to U.S. national security concerns and opted to issue waivers suspending any action on this front. The Palestinian Authority sees East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The city's final status awaits future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (see ("Negotiating Jerusalem," Palestine–Israel Journal )). See Positions on Jerusalem for more information.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel'' )〕 On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine. This UN plan specified borders for new Arab and Jewish states and also specified an area of Jerusalem and its environs which was to be administered by the UN under an international regime.〔Harris, J. (1998) (The Israeli Declaration of Independence ) ''The Journal of the Society for Textual Reasoning'', Vol. 7〕 The end of the British Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948. That day, David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel," which would start to function from the termination of the mandate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973 )〕 The borders of the new state were not specified in the declaration.〔〔(Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel ) Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs〕 Neighboring Arab armies invaded the former Palestinian mandate on the next day and fought the Israeli forces.〔(The Arab-Israeli War of 1948 (US Department of State, Office of the Historian) )"Arab forces joining the Palestinian Arabs in attacking territory in the former Palestinian mandate."〕〔Yoav Gelber, ''Palestine 1948'', 2006 — Chap.8 "The Arab Regular Armies' Invasion of Palestine".〕 Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula (1956–57, 1967–82), part of South Lebanon (1982–2000), Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed. Israel’s occupation of Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem is the world's longest military occupation in modern times.〔See for example: * * * * * * 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|